Aim AND Background: Meta-cognitive THERAPY is based on the principle that meta-cognitive is very important for understANDing the way of cognition function AND the way of producing our conscious experience ABOUT ourselves AND the world around us. In This research it has been tried to study the effectiveness of this kind of treatment in improving depression patients.Methods AND Materials: This clinical-experimental study was carried out on 3 patients referring to Tabriz University Consulting Centers in the framework of single case by using multiple-baselines in 8 sessions with follow-up at 1 AND 3 months. Instruments were included BDI, MCQ, PBRS AND NBRS.Findings: Treatment created considerable changes in depression symptoms AND meta-cognitive BELIEFS of depressed patients AND improved the symptoms of all three patients AND the results of Treatment continued up to follow-up period.Conclusions: Result of this research showed, meta-cognitive THERAPY that focuses on controlling of cognitive process instead of cognitive content of cognitive processes can be effective in treatment of patient with major depression (Reduction in RUMINATION AND Worry).

The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between metcognitive belief AND thought control strategies with trait anxiety. A sample of 226 students (105 males, 121 females) from Tarbiat Moallem University completed Metcognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), The Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ) AND State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The results showed that metcognitive BELIEFS AND thought control strategies were POSITIVEly correlated with trait anxiety.  Among the subscales of metcognitive BELIEFS, negative BELIEFS ABOUT uncontrollability AND danger, cognitive confidence AND need to control of thoughts were significantly correlated with trait anxiety. There was a POSITIVE relationship between thought control strategies of distraction, punishment, reappraisal, AND worry AND trait anxiety. In regression analyses negative BELIEFS ABOUT uncontrollability AND danger, cognitive confidence, distraction AND reappraisal emerged as the strongest predictors of trait anxiety AND explained 51 percent of variance of it. Results of this study support the metcognitive model of anxiety. metcognitive variables of uncontrollability AND danger AND cognitive confidence AND thought control through distraction AND reappraisal are POSITIVEly associated with trait anxiety. Therefore modification of negative metcognitive BELIEFS AND maladaptive strategies to control of unwanted thoughts AND emotions can be useful in treatment of anxiety.

High gain Balun-low-noise-amplifier (LNA) is proposed for tuner of digital televisions (DTVs). The proposed Balun-LNA is based on CS-CG (common-source-common-gate) structure. To improve the isolasion AND frequency response, Balun-LNA has cascode transistors before load resistors. Balun-LNA uses current-bleeding circuit to increasie transconductance of CS transistor, so that current-bleeding transistor has transconductance of N-1 times larger than transconductance of cascode transistor. Thereby, transconductance AND current of CS transistor are increased N times, as N-1 times of current pass to current-bleeding transistor. Therefore current of CG AND CS stages stay identical. Also, Balun-LNA employs a POSITIVE feedback to satisfy input impedance matching AND CG transistor has higher transconductance. By increasing transconductance of CS AND CG transistors, the proposed Balun-LNA achieves to high voltage gain. Accordingly, CG AND CS tansistors have symmetrical currents AND loads at the differential output of the proposed Balun-LNA. Symmetrical loads cause the balanced differential outputs. This proposed Balun-LNA is designed in 90-nm CMOS technology AND covers the frequency range of 40 MHz to 1GHz. This Balun-LNA achieves the voltage gain of 22.6 dB, S11 of less than -10 dB AND the Minimum NF of 5 dB. This Balun-LNA operates at the nominal supply voltage of 2.2v.

This research article examines legal discrimination against children born out of wedlock in Iran. Despite laws promoting equality, societal attitudes influenced by BELIEFS continue to result in discrimination. The study explores the reconciliation of religious BELIEFS with legal frameworks AND the changes made to the Iranian legal system in response to POSITIVE human rights developments. The Article seeks to bridge the research gaps by comparing the experiences of Iranian children with those in other countries affected by Islamic law. The study employs library sources AND descriptive AND historical research methods to examine the legal status of children born outside of marriage, both nationally AND internationally, AND the discrimination they face. The Article is structured into four distinct sections: an analysis of Islamic Law, a review of the Iranian legal system, an assessment of Iran's compliance with international conventions, AND a discourse on the necessity of substantial POSITIVE change. The Article ultimately recommends the eradication of discrimination through heightened awareness AND the advancement of inclusivity for all children, irrespective of their lineage. In summary, this research Article aims to shed light on legal challenges faced by children born outside of marriage in Iran, with the goal of promoting POSITIVE changes in their treatment.

Introduction: The purpose of current research was to examine the roles of RUMINATION AND negative, POSITIVE metacognitive BELIEFS ABOUT RUMINATION in beginning AND continuous of depression among students in Isfahan University.Method: The statistical population was Isfahan University. The sample included 120 students (60 girls AND 60 boys) that they were rANDomly selected. The instruments of research were Beck depression, Metacognitive BELIEFS ABOUT RUMINATION scales AND RUMINATION inventory.Results: The results of correlation AND regression analysis showed, there are correlation coefficients between depression AND RUMINATION(r=0/74), between depression AND POSITIVE BELIEFS (r=0/53) AND between depression AND negative BELIEFS (r=0/56). (p<0/05). Also the results showed, there are correlation between RUMINATION AND POSITIVE BELIEFS (r=0/48) AND between RUMINATION AND negative BELIEFS (r=0/48) AND between RUMINATION AND negative BELIEFS(r=0/58).The results of regression analysis showed RUMINATION can predict 54% the changes of depression, AND with entering negative BELIEFS this prediction get to %64. Therefore, the portion of RUMINATION in depression is 54%, portion of POSITIVE BELIEFS is 3/9% AND portion of negative BELIEFS is 1/3%.Conclusion: The results of this research showed RUMINATION, negative AND POSITIVE metacognitive BELIEFS can predict depression.

Introduction: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is taken into consideration more than ever in the past decade, by progress AND development of many theories ABOUT "worry" as fundamental cognitive component in this disorder.Generalized anxiety disorder, as a chronic disorder, mostly occurs several years before depression. However, few studies have been conducted on the etiology AND treatment of this disorder. This study aimed to investigate cognitive THERAPY model based on Dougas on intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive avoidance AND POSITIVE BELIEFS ABOUT worry in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.Method: In this study, single case experimental design with multiple baselines was used. The sample group included five patients with generalized anxiety disorder who were having inclusion AND exclusion criteria.Sampling was conducted based on voluntary AND convenience method. Diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder was done according to the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I) AND clinical psychologist. Intolerance of uncertainty scale (IUS), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ) AND Why Worry Questionnaire (WWQ-II) were used as measures in the pre AND post intervention. Effect size AND cure rate were used to analyze data.Results: The results showed that effect size in intolerance of uncertainty was 0.72, cognitive avoidance was 0.79 AND a POSITIVE belief ABOUT worry was 0.66.Conclusion: Results of this study indicates that cognitive THERAPY model based on Dougas has POSITIVE effect on intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive avoidance AND POSITIVE BELIEFS ABOUT worry AND lead to reduce them.Also this treatment besides of pharmacoTHERAPY could be used as one of effective options in reducing GAD symptoms.

obsessive- compulsive disorder is one of the serious complications of psychological health AND imposes huge economic AND social expenditures annually on society AND its disabling symptoms impair the individual's interpersonal function, job AND life. The aims of this research were to analyze the effectiveness of group mindfulness based cognitive THERAPY on obsessive-compulsive disorder, metacognitive BELIEFS AND RUMINATION in female university students. This was an experimental study (pre-test& post-test –follow-up with control group plan). By applying simple rANDom sampling method, out of 338 female students with age range 20-29 by Maudsley Obsessive -Compulsive inventory(MOCI), Metacognitive BELIEFS Questionnaire (MCQ-30) & RUMINATION Responses Scale (RRS) AND the eligible individuals diagnostic interview (with Obsessive -Compulsive diagnostic cut-off score ) based on DSM-IV-TR,16 subjects have been selected AND rANDomly put in the experiment AND control groups ( 8 for each group). The experiment group received 8 sessions of group mindfulness based cognitive THERAPY while the control group had no special treatment .Two months after the treatment was over, follow-up was executed subject in both groups before AND after the intervention, AND two-month follow-up questionnaire, MOCI, MCQ-30, RRS completed. Analyzing data, descriptive statistical methods AND covariance analysis test have been employed. The results of covariance test showed a meaningful difference (p<0.005) in the two groups (control &experiment), in terms of Obsessive-compulsive, metacognitive BELIEFS & RUMINATION scores. Regarding the mentioned findings, it can be concluded that group mindfulness based cognitive THERAPY is effective in decreasing obsessive - compulsive, metacognitive BELIEFS & RUMINATION of the girl students with obsessive-compulsive disorder, AND the therapeutic changes created almost remained stable after two-month follow-up.